Main symptoms
- •Persistent sadness most of the day
- •Loss of interest or pleasure (anhedonia)
- •Fatigue, loss of energy
- •Sleep disturbances (insomnia or hypersomnia)
- •Appetite changes (weight loss or gain)
- •Difficulty concentrating and decision-making
- •Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- •Thoughts of death, suicidal ideation
Risk factors
- ⚠️ Family history (40-50% heritability)
- ⚠️ Stressful life events (bereavement, divorce, unemployment)
- ⚠️ Comorbid chronic illness
- ⚠️ Social isolation
- ⚠️ Female sex (×2)
- ⚠️ Young adult (18-35)
- ⚠️ Socio-economic hardship
- ⚠️ History of abuse or trauma
Management and treatments
**Mild depression**: cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) 12-20 sessions + physical activity + lifestyle. **Moderate to severe**: SSRI antidepressants (sertraline, fluoxetine, escitalopram) + psychotherapy. Onset of action: 4-6 weeks. Minimum duration: 6-12 months after remission. Treatment-resistant forms: ECT (electroconvulsive therapy), rTMS, ketamine. Consultations reimbursed 80% by CNOPS / 70% by CNSS. Free public hospitals (Ar-Razi Salé, CHU Ibn Rochd, CHU Hassan II).
Prevention
Regular physical activity (proven antidepressant effect), 7-9 hours of quality sleep, balanced nutrition (omega-3, B vitamins), social ties, stress management (meditation, yoga), limit alcohol and drugs, seek help at the first signs. Helplines: 141 SOS Amitié, 0801-000-180 ECOUTE Morocco.
Frequently asked questions
How do you tell depression from a transient 'low mood'?+
Are antidepressants addictive?+
Can I see a psychiatrist confidentially?+
What if a loved one mentions suicide?+
📖 Detailed article
To learn more about depression, read our cornerstone medically reviewed article.
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