Main symptoms
- •BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²
- •Waist circumference > 102 (men) / 88 cm (women)
- •Shortness of breath on exertion
- •Fatigue, sleep apnoea
- •Joint pain
- •Excessive sweating
- •Psychological distress
Risk factors
- ⚠️ Genetics (30-40%)
- ⚠️ Ultra-processed diet
- ⚠️ Sedentary lifestyle
- ⚠️ Sleep < 6h
- ⚠️ Chronic stress
- ⚠️ Hypothyroidism, PCOS, Cushing's
- ⚠️ Medications (corticosteroids, antipsychotics)
Management and treatments
**Target: -5-10%** of initial weight. **First-line**: Mediterranean diet -500 kcal/day, physical activity 150-300 min/week. **Medications**: orlistat (-3-5%), liraglutide/Saxenda (-5-8%), semaglutide/Ozempic-Wegovy (-15-17%, 3,500-5,500 MAD/month in Morocco), tirzepatide/Mounjaro (-20-22%). **Bariatric surgery** (BMI ≥ 40 or ≥ 35 + comorbidity): sleeve (35-55,000 MAD), bypass (45-70,000 MAD). CHUs and private clinics. Partial ALD reimbursement.
Prevention
Annual BMI from age 18, 150-300 min/week of activity, Mediterranean diet, limit ultra-processed foods, 7-9h sleep, stress management, see a nutritionist if BMI > 25 (300-500 MAD/session).
Frequently asked questions
When to seek help?+
BMI ≥ 25 with risk factors. BMI ≥ 30: systematic consultation.
Is Ozempic effective?+
Yes — semaglutide -15-17% in 1 year. In Morocco: 3,500-5,500 MAD/month.
Is bariatric surgery risky?+
Low (mortality 0.1-0.3%) in experienced centres. Benefits > risks for BMI ≥ 40.
Weight regain after surgery?+
20-30% if poor adherence. Lifelong follow-up + psychotherapy are essential.
📖 Detailed article
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